Hair Oil / Hair Cream

Do you own a hair oil or hair cream? Did you really read through the ingredients in the hair oil or hair cream? I am sure that some of you went saloon to trim your hair before. Most of the saloons will use hair oil or hair cream to make your hair softer and more shiny. This makes you look prettier and more handsome. I will discuss about some of the common ingredients in the product. 

I myself own a Jojoba Oil which is well tolerated by the skin. The ingredients in this Jojoba oil hair cream are as follows:

1. Cyclopentasiloxane or Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)
- It is a cyclomethicone fluid which is commonly used by cosmetics industries such as sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products. It makes the hair to be brushed easily without breakage, thus it is more commonly used in hair conditioners, delivery agent, lubricant and solvent. This ingredient is just like other silicons. It has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable. It can also fill in fine lines and wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look. It actually also provides a silky feel without weighing the hair down with greasy residue. It is often used in conjunction with dimethicone as Cyclopentasiloxane helps to deliver heavier silicones. In fact, as a volatile silicone, it evaporates into the air in a very short period of time after delivering nutrients to the skin and hair. 

2. Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) or Octamethyl-
- D4 is used in the manufacture of silicone polymers and copolymers. It is silicon based which functions as soften, smoothen and moisten in cosmetics industry field. Siloxanes is found in medical implants, water-repelling windshield coatings, building sealants and lubricants. European Union classifies D4 as a endocrine disruptor, based on evidence that it interferes with human hormone function. Silicone agents in hair products have received both negative and positive propaganda, however not much people take note about the effects of using silicone agents is good or bad. You can find the label of ingredient that end with -cone which indicated as silicone agent. In Jojoba oil Hair Cream, the ingredients which end with -cone is Dimethicone. Not all the silicone will harm our skin. There are two types of silicone, water soluble and non-soluble silicons. Water soluble silicons are ones that can be washed away with water and nothing more. Non-soluble silicons are exactly the opposite of its soluble counterparts. Non-soluble silicone requires sulfates in order to be washed away.

In conclusion, people misunderstood that silicone is bad for human skin and will harm us but it is wrong as not all silicons are bad. It is encouraged to read through the ingredients of the product when you want to purchase a cosmetics item as we apply cosmetics products such as hair oil/hair cream, sunblocks, foundations and facial lotion directly onto our skins.

Perfume

       Nowadays,perfumes are widely used by men and women in their daily life.Perfume has been used for century to cover the body odor and build up their self-esteem and personality.
       
       Basically,perfume contain a vast variety of chemicals which called notes.Most of the perfume are engineered to have a head note,a heart note and a base note.

Head Note

Perceived immediately upon application of a perfume, head notes consist of small, light molecules that evaporate quickly. They form a person's initial impression of a perfume and thus are very important in the selling of the product. The scents of this note class are usually described as "fresh," "assertive" or "sharp." The compounds that contribute to top notes are strong in scent, very volatile, and evaporate quickly. Citrus and ginger scents are common head notes,also known as top note.

Heart Note

The heart note compounds form the main body of a perfume and emerge in the middle of the perfume's dispersion process. They serve to mask the often unpleasant initial impression of base notes, which become more pleasant with time. Not surprisingly, the scent of heart note compounds is usually more mellow and "rounded." Scents from this note class appear anywhere from two minutes to one hour after the application of a perfume.Lavender and rose scents are typical heart notes. They are also called the "middle notes".

Base Note

Base notes bring depth and solidity to a perfume. Compounds of this class are often the fixatives used to hold and boost the strength of the lighter top and middle notes. Consisting of large, heavy molecules that evaporate slowly, compounds of this class of scents are typically rich and "deep" and are usually not perceived until 30 minutes after the application of the perfume or during the period of perfume dry-down. Some base notes can still be detectable in excess of twenty-four hours after application, particularly the animalic and musk notes.

      A fragrance is to be said consisting of 78%-95% of ethyl alcohol and the rest are some essential oils. Because the oils all evaporate at different rates the perfume may smell different as time goes on.

      There are different type of methods to manufacturing perfume.Some important steps are:

• Maceration/Solvent extraction: The most used and economically important technique for extracting aromatics in the modern perfume industry. Raw materials are submerged in a solvent that can dissolve the desired aromatic compounds.Maceration lasts anywhere from hours to months. Fragrant compounds for woody and fibrous plant materials are often obtained in this manner as are all aromatics from animal sources.Commonly used solvents for maceration/solvent extraction includehexane, and dimethyl ether. The product of this process is called a "concrete."
• Distillation: A common technique for obtaining aromatic compounds from plants, such as orange blossoms and roses. The raw material is heated and the fragrant compound  are re-collected through condensation of the distilled vapor.
  

         Perfumes can be used for different purposes. By using perfume, our will smell amazingly unique, provides ultimate expression of individuality and causing others to take notice of ours unique style and grace.

 

SOAP

Soap is commonly used almost by everyone of the world.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT SOAP

Soaps are cleaning agents used for washing and cleaning purpose. They are usually made by reacting alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide) with naturally occurring fat or fatty acids. The reaction produces sodium salts of these fatty acids, which improve the cleaning process by making water better able to lift away greasy stains from skin, hair, clothes, and just about anything else. As a substance that has helped clean bodies as well as possessions, soap has been remarkably useful.

SOAP

Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification.

A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long-chain fatty acid. The fatty acid usually contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The source of the fatty acids is either from animal fats or vegetables which are esters of carboxylic acids. They have a high molecular weight and contained alcohol and glycerol. Chemically, these fats and oils are called triglyceride.

Solid soaps usually consist of sodium salts of fatty acids, whereas liquid soaps consist of the potassium salts of fatty acids. A soap such as sodium stearate consists of a nonpolar end (the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid) and a polar end (the ionic carboxylate).

Because the nonpolar end (hydrophobic or water-hating part) of the soap molecule can dissolve the greasy dirt, and the polar or ionic end (hydrophilic or water-loving part) of the molecule is attracted to water molecules. Therefore, the dirt from the surface being cleaned will be pulled away and suspended in water. Thus soap acts as an emulsifying agent, a substance used to disperse one liquid (oil molecules) in the form of finely suspended particles or droplets in another liquid (water molecules).

The cleansing action of the soap

The difference in performance in hard and soft water is most dramatic when soap is used. Soap reacts with the calcium in hard water to form sticky curds: hence, there must be more soap than is needed to react with all the calcium in the water before it can start to clean. Consequently, more soap is needed for cleaning in hard water than in soft water. The soap curds formed by the reaction mentioned above are a problem in laundering because they cling to clothes and trap soil on fabrics.

Wash your hands using soap for the cleansing purpose every day. Viruses will stay away from you!

Toothpaste: The Secret to Shiny White Teeth

       Everyone wants their teeth to be white and shiny. Don’t you? In order to get shiny white teeth, we must brush our teeth with toothpaste at least twice a day. But, have you ever wondered what the contents of toothpaste are? Reading the food label on a food package is quite common. However, there is only a small number of people who actually read the label on the toothpaste container.

Various brands of toothpaste available in the market.

        Toothpaste is a paste used with a toothbrush to promote oral hygiene. The common ingredients in some of the major toothpaste brands are water, sodium fluoride, triclosan, hydrated silica, glycerin, sorbitol, PVM/MA copolymer, flavour, sodium lauryl sulfate, cellulose gum, sodium hydroxide, propylene glycol, carrageenan, sodium saccharin, FD&C blue no. 1 and D&C yellow no. 10.

       Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which is also known as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OSO₃Na. This organic compound is mainly used in cleaning and hygiene products such as laundry detergents, shampoos, bath salts and liquid hand soaps. It is used in toothpaste as it is a highly effective surfactant that is able to remove oily stains and residues. For your information, the use of sodium lauryl sulfate is to make the toothpaste lather in our mouth. In other words, it is used as the detergent part of the toothpaste.

      However, the research studies on sodium lauryl sulfate found that it can cause canker sores due to its ability to dry out our mouth. It can also cause damage to the oral tissues lining inside our mouth. These tissues are said to be providing food for bacteria as they feed the bacteria that create Halitosis and taste disorder when they shed.

      Thus, it is important to read the label on the toothpaste container in order to find toothpaste and other mouthwash products that will not harm us. You can also get to learn more about the types of chemicals as well as organic chemicals that are found in health-related products.

Polymers

Polymers are substances consisting of large molecules that are made of many small, repeating units. The small molecules which combine to form a polymer are called monomers. The number of repeating units in one large molecule is called the degree of polymerization. Materials with a very high degree of polymerization are called high polymers. Polymers consisting of only one kind of repeating unit are called homo-polymers. Co-polymers are formed from several different repeating units. Most of the organic substances found in the living matter, such as protein, wood, rubber and resins, are polymers. Many synthetic materials, such as plastics, fibres, adhesives, glass, and porcelain, are also largely polymeric substances. 

Polymers can also classified as 

• fibres
• plastics and resins
• elastomers

a) Fibres are polymers which can be drawn out as threads and woven into fabrics. Examples are nylon, Terylene and rayon.

b) Plastics are synthetic polymers that can flow when heated. Plastics can be classified as

• thermoplastics - plastics which can be softened repeatedly by heating and hardened by cooling. Examples are poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene).
• thermosetting resins - plastics which do not soften on heating and can only be moulded at the manufacturing stage but cannot be remoulded. Examples are Bakelite(phenol-methanal resin)epoxy resins, urea-methanal resins.

c) Elastomers are polymers that  undergo deformation when a force is applied and regained the original form once the force is removed. Example are natural and synthetic rubber.

Uses of Polymers 

1. Polystrenes

• suitable for radio-frequency insulation
• accessories used in low temperatures, as in refrigeration installations and in aeroplanes desihned for high- altitude flight
• Styrofoam used for packaging, disposable cups, lunch boxes

2. PTFE ( polytetrafluoroethene)

• the coating used on non-stick cooking utensils
• electrical insulators

3. Rayon

• used in the garment and texttile industries (some saree and shirt materials are made from rayon)
• used in the tyre industry for making cords used in tyres
• mixed with wool and other fibres and used in carpet industry
• used in medical and pharmaceutical industry for making bandages, bottles, bags

4. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• used for insulation on domestic electrical wiring
• used in plastics pipe, vinyl coatings, and wire insulation

5. Nylon

• used in the manufacture of fabrics for such articles as hosiery, sleepwear, underwear, blouses, shirts, and raincoats
• used for parachutes, insect screening, medical sutures, strings for tennis rackets, brush bristles, rope, and fishing nets and line

6. Kevlar

• a synthetic polyamide
• used to make bullet-proof vests and fireproof garments

7. Terylene (Darcon)

• a synthetic polyester which is shrink-proof and crease-proof
• used for making clothing and sleeping bag

8. Bakelite (phenol-methanal resin)

• used for making switches, sockets, plugs, and insulators in electrical equipment

9. Poly (methyl methacrylate) / Perspex

• has excellent optical properties
• suitable for spectacles and camera lenses
• for streer and advertising illumination

What is organic chemistry ?!

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which extends to understanding chemical reactions in living organisms and products that are derived from them. There are a lot of examples of organic chemistry in the world around you in your daily lives. Examples are :

1. Polymers - Polymers consist of long chains and branches of molecules. Common polymers you encounter every day are organic molecules. Examples include nylon, acrylic, PVC, polycarbonate, cellulose, and polyethylene.
2. Petrochemicals - Petrochemicals are chemicals derived from crude oil or petroleum. Fractional distillation separates the raw material into organic compounds according to their different boiling points. You encounter products made from petrochemicals every day. Examples include gasoline, plastics, detergents, dyes, food additives, natural gas, and medicines.
3. Soaps and Detergents - Although both are used for cleaning, soap and detergent are two different examples of organic chemistry. Sap is made by the saponification reaction, which reacts a hydroxide with an organic molecule (e.g., an animal fat) to produce glycerol and crude soap. While soap is an emulsifier,detergents tackle oily, greasy (organic) soiling mainly because they are surfactants. 
4. Perfume - Whether a fragrance comes from a flower or a lab, the molecules you smell and enjoy are an example of organic chemistry.
5. Cosmetics - The cosmetic industry is a lucrative sector of organic chemistry. Chemists examine changes in the skin in response to metabolic and environmental factors, formulate products to address skin problems and enhance beauty, and analyze how cosmetics interact with the skin and other products.

As you can see, most of the products you use involve organic chemistry. Your computer, furniture, home, vehicle, food, and body contain organic compounds. Every living thing you encounter is organic. Inorganic items, such as rocks, air, metals, and water often contain organic matter, too.

In the next post, you will be giving more details about the uses of organic chemistry in daily lives.You may be surprising when you realised that most of your belongings are consists of carbon and hydrogen !

Dear visitors,

Hello, we are from UCSI university General Chemistry Two students. We are going to post some information about Organic Chemistry In Daily Life as the assignment required. Our group members are :

Ng Jie Thing

Yap Chien Yee

Tan Pe Kar 

Hong Ju Yin

We hope that our information will be both enlightening and insightful to you. 

Thank you for visiting our blog.

Have a nice day =)